📋 Tender Overview
Scope :
As the fifth largest economy in the world, india has a population estimated at 1.41 billion, with an urban component of 498 million growing at 2.3% annually. waste management is a public health challenge. india generates about 62 million tons of municipal solid waste (msw) annually. economic and demographic growth in cities have increased the challenges and complexity of msw management. collection rates range from below 50% in small cities to 70%-90% in large cities and 22%-28% of waste is untreated. uncollected waste is openly burned or pollutes land and waterways, while collected waste may be illegally tipped, or ends up in uncontrolled dumpsites. for sanitation, the first phase of the governments swachh bharat mission (sbm) eliminated open defecation among 500 million people, alleviating the acute health risks and preventing pollution of land and water bodies. however, maintaining the open defecation-free (odf) status is a constant challenge, in terms of behavioral and cultural factors, maintenance of sanitary facilities, and equity of access.
with an inadequate infrastructure base, indias urban sector is vulnerable to climate change impacts. global warming is projected to cause more frequent and extreme floods and landslides, damaging urban infrastructure. clogged drainage systems from improper disposal of solid waste exacerbate flood and health risks, while natural hazards, such as flooding and earthquakes, increase the waste entering the environment and change waste characteristics. pathogens and pollutants may be flushed into the environment from the flooding of septic tanks and storage pits while water scarcity can impact the functionality of sanitation systems. uncontrolled landfill sites are vulnerable to flood risks, while heat waves increase the risk of landfill fires. india accounts for 7% of global greenhouse gas emissions; its emissions from waste generate 83 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent annually. as msw is generally linked with the development and per capita income, methane emissions from landfills are highly correlated with the gross state domestic product
The indian governments flagship 5-year swachh bharat (clean india) mission urban (sbm-u) was launched in 2014 by the ministry of housing and urban affairs (mohua). sbm-u aimed for all statutory towns to (i) achieve 100% odf status, (ii) ensure 100% scientific solid waste management (swm), and (iii) promote behavior change through jan andolan (public movement). the mission achieved significant levels of success against these objectives, with the massive engagement of citizens across all categories of society. an evaluation of sbm-u highlighted the need for greater attention to (i) managing different types of solid wastes; (ii) budgetary support for disposal of legacy waste, management of plastic waste, and construction and demolition waste; (iii) continued investment in sanitation to prevent back-sliding; (iv) sustained and adequate infrastructure; (v) capac
