📋 Tender Overview
Vietnam has overcome a difficult path to enter the upper middle income threshold and is moving towards the goal of becoming a high-income country by 2045. The upcoming challenges may be even greater, but we have the experience to succeed. Download Vietnam officially becomes a country with a high middle income level, moving faster than other countries in the region. Data published in July 2026 by the World Bank (World Bank) confirms that Vietnams average gross national income (GNI) per capita in 2025 has reached 4,970 USD/person, an increase of 10.7% compared to 2024. Compared to the threshold of upper middle income countries according to the World Banks criteria, it is 4,636 USD, Vietnam officially became a country with a high middle income level. Results achieved after 17 years (from 2009 to 2026), according to Prof.Dr. Ngo Thang Loi (National Economics University), marks Vietnams first journey of overcoming difficulties towards becoming a powerful country. According to the expert, Vietnams 17-year journey is longer than other countries and economies with miraculous breakthrough speeds in the last century such as Korea (more than 10 years from 1968 to 1979); Singapore (13 years from 1965 to 1978); Taiwan, China (10 years from 1968 to 1978), Hong Kong, China (8 years from 1968 to 1976) or mainland China (11 years from 1999 to 2010). However, in ASEAN, this speed is similar to Malaysia (16 years from 1979 to 1995), faster than Thailand (23 years from 1999 to 1995). 1988 to 2011). According to statistics, it took Indonesia and the Philippines about 30 years. In Africa and South America, many countries have even been in the lower middle income group for 30-40 years and seem to be stuck in the lower middle income trap. Vietnams 17-year journey has witnessed volatile world economic flows, heavily affected by epidemics and international supply chain crises. Maintaining a continuous growth rate to promote is considered by the World Bank to be a persistent and completely reasonable effort, Prof.Dr. Ngo Thang Loi emphasized. The expert said that the four main driving forces that help Vietnam upgrade to the upper middle income level include: (1) A strong breakthrough in exports and deep integration: According to the Department of Statistics, Vietnams import-export turnover increased on average in the period 2021-2025 by about 10%/year, with an increase of more than 15% in the last two years. In 2025, Vietnams import and export will reach 920 billion USD, joining the group of 15 largest trading countries in the world. At the same time, the ratio of import and export to GDP reached 181%, among the highest in the world (the ratio of global trade to GDP has usually only been about 50 - 60% in the last two decades). Vietnams economy demonstrates a deep level of international integration and is considered one of the highly open economies in the world. (2) Attracting foreign investment (FDI) has had great achievements in both quantity and quality: In terms of quantity, it can be seen that the annual FDI growth rate is 7% continuously over a long period of time. In the period 2021-2025, the FDI growth rate will reach the highest, approximately 9%/year. To date, this capital flow has contributed about 20-22% of Vietnams GDP, accounting for 75% of total export turnover, 50% of industrial value, 25-28% of total social investment capital, creating jobs for more than 5 million direct workers and millions of indirect workers. In terms of quality, Vietnam is attracting higher quality, more substantial capital flows, as well as high-tech industries, electronic components, and semiconductors from large global corporations. (3) The initial achievements of the national digital transformation strategy and the digital economy have become an important driving force of the economy. In 2025, the proportion of added value of the digital economy in GDP is estimated to reach 14.02%, equivalent to about 72.1 billion USD, an increase of 1.64 times compared to 2020. The growth rate of the digital economy in 2025 will reach 11.8% (higher than the countrys GDP growth rate), contributing to Vietnams GDP growth of 11.8%. The digital economy is developing in both breadth and depth, of which the core digital economic sectors account for over 60% (including: ICT/telecommunications digital economy, Internet/platform digital economy and industry digital economy), at the same time the level of digitalization in industries and fields is increasingly expanding, especially trade, finance, administrative services and energy infrastructure.(4) Macroeconomic stability policies and drastic institutional reforms, especially the policy of reducing procedures Administrative: Administrative reform and national digital transformation efforts create favorable conditions and transparency in capital flows. Roadmap to high income In fact, the Party and State have set a vision that by 2045, Vietnam will become a developed, high-income country and set the goal of achieving an average GDP growth rate of 10% or more per year in the period 2026-2030; especially, we must transform the growth model, develop based on science and technology, innovation, digital transformation, improve productivity, quality and competitiveness of the economy. According to Prof.Dr. Ngo Thang Loi, to achieve the above high income goal, Vietnam needs to increase the level of GNI (total tNational income per capita is nearly 3 times higher than the current level (exceeding the minimum threshold of 14,376 USD/year). Download Prof. PhD. Ngo Thang Loi Regarding the growth path of GNI/person, the expert agrees with the views of the World Bank and the research of the National Economics University that it can be divided into 3 phases: Phase 1 (2026 - 2030): Phase of accumulation and fundamental transformation. The important tasks of this period are: Completing strategic infrastructure (especially high-speed railways and digital infrastructure), improving labor productivity, shifting from r
