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Chinhphu.vn - From many years of practice in educational management and policy research, Lieutenant General, Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Yem believes that Vietnamese higher education is facing the need to redraw the country - a fundamental restructuring to improve quality, streamline the system, increase autonomy and international integration. He proposed four key groups of solutions, both strategic and capable of practical implementation, towards building a modern and effective university education to serve the countrys development in the new era. According to the Lieutenant General, Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Yem - Director of the Institute of Non-Traditional Security (School of Management and Business, Hanoi National University); Former Director of the Peoples Police Academy, restructuring and modernizing the Vietnamese higher education system is not only a professional task, but has become a political - strategic requirement in the countrys new development context. Resolution No. 71 of the Politburo and Resolution 281 of the Government affirmed the goal: building an open, flexible, high-quality education system, providing highly qualified human resources, meeting the requirements of industrialization, modernization and international integration. After 40 years of innovation, Vietnamese higher education has made strong progress in both scale and quality, Lieutenant General Yem commented, but the current system is facing an urgent need to comprehensive restructuring -- from management model, training organization to operating method. He emphasized that without strong innovation, higher education will find it difficult to keep up with the knowledge economy and the fourth industrial revolution. Lieutenant General, Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Yem emphasized that the higher education system is time for strong innovation - Photo: VGP/Thu Trang Undeniable achievements After 80 years of founding the country, especially 40 years of innovation and more than 10 years of implementing Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW dated November 4, 2013 on fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and training, Vietnam has achieved many important achievements. Expanding scale, improving training quality, enhancing international integration, innovating curricula and linking training with the labor market are the highlights. Higher education has made an important contribution to improving peoples knowledge, developing human resources, fostering talents, and making practical contributions to socio-economic development. Many universities have implemented high-quality programs that meet international standards, especially in the fields of science, technology, engineering, medicine, security and defense. International cooperation is also promoted through the exchange of lecturers, students and joint research. However, Lieutenant General Yem warned that the current education system still has many limitations and inadequacies, requiring breakthrough innovation. Limitations and paradoxes of Vietnamese higher education According to Lieutenant General, Prof. Dr. Nguyen Xuan Yem, currently, the Vietnamese education system operates like an upside-down pyramid. While preschool and general education need to be universal for all children, with a network of schools reaching all the way to villages, many urban areas, industrial parks, export processing zones and even Hanoi and City. Ho Chi Minh is lacking schools, classes, and teachers. On the contrary, higher education - which needs to be lean, compact, and strong - is growing in quantity, leading to many schools lacking good lecturers, few students, lacking facilities, and low training quality. The country currently has more than 260 higher education institutions, not including schools in the defense and security sector. Of these, 171 establishments belong to central ministries and branches, 26 establishments belong to Peoples Committees of provinces and cities and 77 private establishments. Expanding scale has created opportunities to access university for many segments of the population, while promoting competition between schools. However, lack of quality control has led to many graduates not being able to find jobs, forcing some schools to merge, dissolve or change training methods. This situation is especially evident in the three fields of education, law and medicine. The pedagogical sector currently has 103 training institutions. The pedagogical sector - considered the main engine of education, currently has 103 training institutions, including specialized pedagogical universities, multi-disciplinary universities, academies and pedagogical colleges. Although the number is large, the distribution is spread out, and there is no effective connection; Enrollment is difficult, training content is not linked to reality, practice time is limited, while policies to attract learners are not attractive enough. The law industry is also developing rapidly, with 79 bachelors training institutions, of which 28 are non-public schools. Many multidisciplinary schools only train a few dozen students per year, lacking curriculum and full-time lecturers, leading to uneven quality. At the masters level, 19 non-public institutions participate in training, accounting for 48.7% of the total number of masters institutions, but the scale is only 1,439 students, equivalent to 17.4% of the total number of students. The law training program does not focus on practice, the separation of bachelors degree training and legal profession training leads to a lack of connectivity and standardization. In the medical and pharmaceutical industry, the whole country has about 30 schools training general practitioners, distributed mainly in the North and Central regions with 19 schools, 11 schools in the South. The number of doctors graduating from school has increasedng from about 8,000/year in 2015-2016 to about 10,000/year in 2023. Economics and management majors mainly provide single-disciplinary training, while social an
